Research articles

ESRI publications screened

All ESRI publications checked, with whether each was included and why.

2023–2026 · 419 rows · 21 columns · from literature/esri/esri_screened.csv

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exclude2026-09-23Fuelling Change: The distributional and climate impacts of farmers supplying biomethane feedstocks in IrelandESRI Working PaperAnita Vollmer; Miguel Tovar Reaños; Muireann Á Lynchno migration vocabulary00case study, estimate, estimated, microdata, results show, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environmenthttps://www.esri.ie/publications/fuelling-change-the-distributional-and-climate-impacts-of-farmers-supplying-biomethanehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP845.pdfkeyword:nationalityFarmers in the EU are the leading suppliers of feedstocks for biomethane production, a renewable energy source that can replace fossil gas in hard-to-abate sectors. However, the distributional impacts on farmers have not previously been explored. Understanding these helps ensure the EU’s biomethane
include2026-09-23Student mobility into and out of Northern Ireland: What brain drain?ESRI Research SeriesAnne Devlin; Bryony Hoyleonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 122 pages, 164 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: student migration into/out of NI (brain drain)07mobility164122101 respondents, administrative, analysis of, census, cohort, data, dataset, estimatedNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryEducation10.26504/rs234https://www.esri.ie/publications/student-mobility-into-and-out-of-northern-ireland-what-brain-drainhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS234_1.pdfkeyword:work permitStudent mobility in Northern Ireland is a recurring topic in media coverage and policy debate, and among higher education stakeholders such as universities, schools, and further education providers. Despite this attention, the supporting evidence base remains limited. This study aims to address this
include2026-09-22How do EMN Member Countries distribute asylum centres and manage relationships with local communities?EMN Ireland Migration MemoKeire MurphyPDF: 4 pages, 13 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: EMN comparative memo; describes Ireland's own policy/practice alongside other Member States (qualitative evidence on Ireland)asylum, international protection39asylum, international protection134estimates, revenueIreland (State)contemporaryMigration, Integration and Demographyhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/how-do-emn-member-countries-distribute-asylum-centres-and-manage-relationships-withhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/EMNMemo9.pdfresearch_area:67; keyword:migration; keyword:asylum; keyword:international protection; keyword:integrationPolicies aiming to distribute international protection applicants across a country have become common features of reception systems. These policies aim to address concerns about the concentration of applicants and overconcentration in certain local areas. EMN countries have taken various approaches
exclude2026-09-22The impact of a minimum wage increase on pricesESRI Research SeriesPaul Redmond; Elisa Staffa; Seamus McGuinnessno migration vocabulary00data, estimator, evidenceIreland (State)contemporaryLabour Markets and Skills10.26504/rs237https://www.esri.ie/publications/the-impact-of-a-minimum-wage-increase-on-priceshttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS237.pdfkeyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitMinimum wage increases have the potential to impact a range of outcomes. Much of the existing evidence focuses on the employment outcomes of minimum wage workers following a minimum wage change. However, another important channel of adjustment that has received comparatively less attention is the im
exclude2026-09-17Trajectories of school absence from 9 to 13 years of age and over timeESRI Research SeriesEmer Smyth; Anna Moya; Merike Darmodyno migration vocabulary00cohort, data, evidence, growing up in irelandIreland (State)contemporaryEducation10.26504/rs233https://www.esri.ie/publications/trajectories-of-school-absence-from-9-to-13-years-of-age-and-over-timehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS233.pdfkeyword:work permitIreland, like many other countries, has seen a significant increase in school absence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, with over a fifth of primary and post-primary students missing 20 or more days per school year (in 2023/24) (TESS, 2025). Existing international and Irish research has pointed
exclude2026-09-15Underestimation of the costs of owning and running a carESRI Research BulletinAdam Joachim Shier; Shane Timmons; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00data, estimate, estimates, findings, participants, samplecontemporaryBehavioural Science10.1016/j.tra.2026.105256.Introductionhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/underestimation-of-the-costs-of-owning-and-running-a-car-1https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RB202612.pdfkeyword:nationalityThis ESRI Research Bulletin summarises the findings from Shier, A. J., Timmons, S., and Lunn, P. D. (2026). Underestimation of the costs of owning and running a car, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.105256 . Introduction Cars provi
exclude2026-09-10Stepping stones or carbon lock-in? Homeowner preferences for biofuels and heat pumps in residential heating decarbonisationESRI Working PaperShane Timmons; Adam Joachim Shier; Muireann Á Lynchno migration vocabulary00estimate, evidence, findings, respondents, sample, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science; Energy and Environmenthttps://www.esri.ie/publications/stepping-stones-or-carbon-lock-in-homeowner-preferences-for-biofuels-and-heat-pumps-inhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP843.pdfkeyword:nationalityDecarbonising residential heating in Europe and North America depends on millions of individual household decisions. While policy has largely focused on replacing fossil-fuel boilers with heat pumps, slow progress has prompted growing interested in alternatives. Lower-carbon “drop-in” fuels such as
exclude2026-09-10Report on the effectiveness of child benefits in the EUReportKarina Doorley; Bertrand Maître; Claire Keane; Dora Tudano migration vocabulary00analysis of, case studies, estimate, findingsIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions; Social Inclusion and Equality10.2767/1749160https://www.esri.ie/publications/report-on-the-effectiveness-of-child-benefits-in-the-eukeyword:nationalityThis study provides a comparative overview of child benefit policies across the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU), focusing on their design, effectiveness and efficiency in reducing child poverty and promoting social inclusion. Drawing on desk research conducted by national experts, the re
exclude2026-09-08Poverty, income inequality and living standards in Ireland: Sixth annual reportJointly-published ReportsBarra Roantree; Bertrand Maître; Helen Russell; Cian Mowlds; Eva Slevinno migration vocabulary00000 people, data, findings, silc, survey, we findIreland (State)contemporarySocial Inclusion and Equality10.26504/jr17https://www.esri.ie/publications/poverty-income-inequality-and-living-standards-in-ireland-sixth-annual-reporthttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/JR17_3.pdfkeyword:international protection; keyword:Ukraine; keyword:work permitExecutive summary Key findings This report is the sixth from an Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) research programme in partnership with Community Foundation Ireland and Trinity College Dublin which seeks to address gaps in our knowledge and understanding of poverty, income inequality an
exclude2026-09-04Testing diffusion of innovation theory for decarbonisation using heat pumps and electric vehiclesESRI Working PaperShane Timmons; Diarmaid Ó Ceallaigh; Philip Carthyno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00evidence, n = 1, regression, survey, we analysecontemporaryBehavioural Science; Energy and Environmenthttps://www.esri.ie/publications/testing-diffusion-of-innovation-theory-for-decarbonisation-using-heat-pumps-andhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP844.pdfkeyword:nationalityDecarbonisation requires adoption of low‑carbon technologies for residential heating and transport, and Diffusion of Innovations theory has strongly influenced modelling approaches and policy. We test central propositions of the theory Diffusion for two priority technologies: residential heat pumps
exclude2026-09-04Measuring economic vulnerability in the Irish residential property marketQEC Special ArticlePaul Egan; Dónal O'Sheano migration vocabulary00analysis of, findingsIreland (State)contemporaryHousing; Macroeconomics10.26504/QEC2026AUT_SA_Eganhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/measuring-economic-vulnerability-in-the-irish-residential-property-markethttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/QEC2026AUT_SA_Egan_0.pdfkeyword:work permitStrong and sustained house price growth warrants close monitoring of potential vulnerabilities in the Irish residential property market, particularly in relation to valuation, household indebtedness, and the credit cycle. This article applies a holistic approach to assess overvaluation by combining
exclude2026-09-03The RTB Rent Index, Q1 2026Indices ReportRachel Slaymaker; Katie Devane; Chi Trannot a research publication (Indices Report)Housinghttps://www.esri.ie/publications/the-rtb-rent-index-q1-2026https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RI2026Q1.pdfkeyword:nationalityKey findings: The national standardised average rent in new tenancies stood at €1,839 in Q1 2026. The year-on-year growth in standardised average rent for new tenancies increased to 9.1 per cent in Q1 2026, up from 5.4% in Q4 2025. The national standardised average rent for existing tenancies rose b
exclude2026-09-02Public transport availability, delayed learning to drive and later-life car useESRI Research BulletinShane Timmons; Adam Joachim Shier; Pete Lunnno Ireland reference; PDF: 3 pages, 0 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: migration is not the subject (term appears only as a covariate or in a different sense)00mobility03086 respondents, data, findings, participants, surveycontemporaryBehavioural Science10.1016/j.trd.2026.105551https://www.esri.ie/publications/public-transport-availability-delayed-learning-to-drive-and-later-life-car-usehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RB202611.pdfkeyword:nationalityThis ESRI Research Bulletin summarises the findings from Timmons, S., Shier, A. J. and Lunn, P. D. (2026). Public transport availability, learning to drive and later life car dependence. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2026.10555
exclude2026-08-14A hybrid econometric structural model with trade and internationalisation adjustments (HESTIA)ESRI Working PaperPaul Egan; Conor O'Toole; Dónal O'Sheano migration vocabulary00Ireland (State)contemporaryMacroeconomicshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/a-hybrid-econometric-structural-model-with-trade-and-internationalisation-adjustmentshttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP841_0.pdfkeyword:nationalityIreland’s economy is highly globalised and dominated by a small number of large multinational firms. This creates notable challenges in measuring and modelling economic activity, given the distortions caused to series such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), trade and gross capital formation. This pa-p
exclude2026-08-12Public transport availability, delayed learning to drive and later life car dependenceJournal ArticleShane Timmons; Adam Joachim Shier; Pete Lunnonly ambiguous migration terms; no PDF on ESRI page (journal article or external); MANUAL: migration is not the subject (term appears only as a covariate or in a different sense)00mobilitydata, findings, regression, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science; Climate10.1016/j.trd.2026.105551https://www.esri.ie/publications/public-transport-availability-delayed-learning-to-drive-and-later-life-car-dependencekeyword:nationalityHigh levels of car dependency are a major challenge for decarbonisation policy. This paper explores how early-life mobility environments shape long-run driving behaviour through two underexplored questions: whether public transport access predicts delayed learning to drive and whether the age indivi
exclude2026-07-31Are start-Up acquisitions by dominant firms driving innovation or killing competition?Journal ArticleAdele Whelanno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00findingscontemporaryLabour Markets and Skills; Competitiveness, Trade and FDI10.1002/mde.70133https://www.esri.ie/publications/are-start-up-acquisitions-by-dominant-firms-driving-innovation-or-killing-competitionkeyword:integrationThis paper develops a sequential model to examine start-up acquisitions in markets with network externalities, incorporating a pre-entry strategic buyout option that allows the incumbent to integrate the start-up's innovation, followed by post-entry expenditure on coordination advertising, and defen
exclude2026-07-28A Mokken Scale Analysis of the Bayley-4 Cognitive Scale in GreeceJournal ArticleDemos Michaelno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00analysis of, samplecontemporaryEducation10.1027/1015-5759/a000957https://www.esri.ie/publications/a-mokken-scale-analysis-of-the-bayley-4-cognitive-scale-in-greecekeyword:naturalisationThe fourth edition of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-4) is a standardized tool for evaluating early developmental progress. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Cognitive scale (30 items) in the Greek context using a stratified sample of 500 typically d
exclude2026-07-23Policy pathways for low-carbon transport in Ireland: Carbon taxes and ICE bansJournal ArticleDaniel Cassidy; Kelly C de Bruinno migration vocabulary00results showIreland (State)contemporary10.1016/j.trd.2026.105523https://www.esri.ie/publications/policy-pathways-for-low-carbon-transport-in-ireland-carbon-taxes-and-ice-banskeyword:integrationThis paper develops I3E-Transport, a new Irish passenger transport model that integrates behavioural, technological, and macroeconomic drivers to assess the effectiveness of carbon taxation and internal combustion engine (ICE) phase-out policies on emissions from private cars and public transport. T
exclude2026-07-21The macroeconomic impact of tariffs on Northern IrelandESRI Working PaperAdele Bergin; Luke Doyleonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 26 pages, 133 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: not migration00integration13326administrative, data, estimate, estimated, estimates, evidence, quantitative, results showNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryMacroeconomicshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/the-macroeconomic-impact-of-tariffs-on-northern-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP840.pdfkeyword:integrationIn this paper, we use a model simulation-based approach to assess the macroeconomic impact of US tariffs on the Northern Ireland (NI) economy. More specifically, we use AMNIE, a newly developed structural macroeconomic model for NI, designed for medium-term economic projections and policy analysis t
exclude2026-07-13Women in Finance Charter: Fourth Annual ReportESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesEva Slevin; Helen Russellno migration vocabulary00000 people, interviews, surveyIreland (State)contemporarySocial Inclusion and Equality10.26504/sustat142https://www.esri.ie/publications/women-in-finance-charter-fourth-annual-reporthttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT142_0.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitThe Women in Finance Charter was launched in 2022 as a partnership between the trade associations Financial Services Ireland/Ibec, Insurance Ireland, BPFI and Irish Funds, and the Irish government. This year marks the fourth annual report. There are now 104 signatories to Ireland’s Women in Finance
exclude2026-07-10Developing data-driven damage and adaptation functions for Integrated Assessment Models: An application in AD-MERGE 2.0ESRI Working PaperKelly C de Bruin; Kirsten Everett; Daniel Cassidyno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00data, estimate, estimatedcontemporaryClimatehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/developing-data-driven-damage-and-adaptation-functions-for-integrated-assessmenthttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP838.pdfkeyword:integrationIntegrated Assessment Models (IAMs) have been the primary tool for studying the global trade-offs of climate change mitigation over the past decades. These models rely on estimated functions of climate change induced economic damages. These are, however, based on severely limited or decades-old data
exclude2026-07-09Mental models of climate policy among the publicESRI Working PaperLucie Martin; Adam Joachim Shier; Blessing Kaseem; Shane Timmons; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00evidence, findings, n=1, participants, sample, we findcontemporaryBehavioural Science; Climatehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/mental-models-of-climate-policy-among-the-publichttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP837.pdfkeyword:nationalityA central challenge for climate policy is to select effective climate mitigation measures that maintain prosperity and wellbeing. To picture and reason about such complex problems, cognitive psychology shows that people use ‘mental models’. Thus, if citizens possess mental models of the climate poli
exclude2026-07-06Equivalisation (once again)Journal ArticleKarina Doorley; Luke Duggan; Theano Kakoulidou; Barra Roantreeno migration vocabulary00data, estimated, estimates, estimator, statistics, survey, we findIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions10.1111/1475-5890.70025https://www.esri.ie/publications/equivalisation-once-againkeyword:nationalityIncome inequality and poverty statistics are often adjusted for differences in the size and composition of households, with common practice being to use a set of ‘equivalence scales’: a function of the number of adults and children in the household. However, different – largely ad hoc – scales have
exclude2026-07-03Effects of building fabric requirements on willingness to adopt a heat pumpESRI Working PaperShane Timmons; Adam Joachim Shier; Diarmaid Ó Ceallaighno migration vocabulary00n = 574, participants, sample, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Sciencehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/effects-of-building-fabric-requirements-on-willingness-to-adopt-a-heat-pumphttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP835.pdfkeyword:nationalityDecarbonising residential heating requires widespread adoption of heat pumps, yet uptake remains below policy targets. Low uptake may be partly explained by building fabric upgrades that current policy assumes heat pumps require to work efficiently, but the effect of these upgrades on heat pump adop
exclude2026-07-03Free is not enough - the long-run impact of free education on cognitive function in older age: Evidence from IrelandJournal ArticleAnne Nolanno migration vocabulary00administrative, cohort, data, evidence, findings, longitudinal, regression, we findIreland (State)historicalHealth and Quality of Life10.1016/j.jeoa.2026.100657https://www.esri.ie/publications/free-is-not-enough-the-long-run-impact-of-free-education-on-cognitive-function-inkeyword:nationalityDementia is a major and growing global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where most of the world’s older population will reside in the coming decades. As no curative treatments exist, increasing attention has turned to prevention, with education repeatedly identified
exclude2026-07-02Perceptions of safety and fairness in road spaces shared by pedestrians, cyclists and driversESRI Research BulletinCeline Fox; Shane Timmons; Pete Lunnonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 3 pages, 3 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: migration is not the subject (term appears only as a covariate or in a different sense)00mobility33data, findings, participants, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Sciencehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/perceptions-of-safety-and-fairness-in-road-spaces-shared-by-pedestrians-cyclists-andhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RB202610_0.pdfkeyword:nationalityThis ESRI Research Bulletin summarises the findings from Fox, C. A., Timmons, S. and Lunn, P. D. (2026). Perceptions of safety, fairness and risk in road spaces shared by pedestrians, cyclists and drivers. npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport. Available at: https://rdcu.be/frs8E Introduction Share
exclude2026-07-02The hidden cost of digital education: School device mandatesESRI Working PaperSelina McCoyno migration vocabulary00findingsIreland (State)contemporaryEducationhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/the-hidden-cost-of-digital-education-school-device-mandateshttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP836.pdfkeyword:nationalityDigital resource access reflects and reinforces existing social inequalities, perpetuating a modern digital divide in education. This paper presents the first systematic review of Irish post-primary school policies, websites, and procurement platforms to analyse the institutionalisation of one-to-on
exclude2026-07-01Perceptions of safety, fairness and risk inroad spaces shared by pedestrians,cyclists and driversJournal ArticleCeline Fox; Shane Timmons; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00findings, n = 1600, participantshistoricalBehavioural Science10.1038/s44333-026-00113-4https://www.esri.ie/publications/perceptions-of-safety-fairness-and-risk-inroad-spaces-shared-by-pedestrianscyclistskeyword:naturalisation; keyword:integrationDesigning shared road spaces that accommodate multiple modes of transport is central to promotingactive travel, but engagement can be hindered by perceptions of danger and unfairness, especiallyamong groups more worried about navigating shared spaces. This study used an online randomisedsurvey exper
exclude2026-06-25Quarterly Economic Commentary, Summer 2026ESRI Forecasting SeriesAlan Barrett; Conor O'Toole; Dónal O'Sheano migration vocabulary00data, estimates, evidence, revenueIreland (State)contemporaryMacroeconomics10.26504/QEC2026SUMhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/quarterly-economic-commentary-summer-2026https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/QEC2026SUM_1.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:nationality; keyword:work permitRead the supporting papers: The distributional impact of energy price increases in Ireland and the policy response Irish small firm financing: Where are we 20 years since the financial crisis? Forecast overview The context for this Commentary is binary in nature due to two conflicting factors. On th
exclude2026-06-25Effects of emissions labels on consumer choice of lower-emission flightsESRI Working PaperAdam Joachim Shier; Shane Timmons; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00findings, n = 1, participants, samplecontemporaryBehavioural Sciencehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/effects-of-emissions-labels-on-consumer-choice-of-lower-emission-flightshttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP834.pdfkeyword:nationalityAir travel generates disproportionate greenhouse gas emissions, without viable supply-side mitigation options. Demand-side measures, such as emissions information at the point-of-sale, are thus gaining interest. In a pre-registered experiment with a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,000), we
exclude2026-06-23Occupational pension coverage and timing of retirement in IrelandBudget PerspectivesSiddhant Seth; Dora Tudano migration vocabulary00data, longitudinal, regression, revenue, sample, we findIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions10.26504/bp202702https://www.esri.ie/publications/occupational-pension-coverage-and-timing-of-retirement-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/BP2027.2.pdfkeyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitIreland has historically relied heavily on the State pension as the primary source of income in retirement. While occupational pension coverage has risen steadily in recent years, a substantial share of older employees still approach retirement without supplementary pension provision. Understanding
exclude2026-06-23Escaping in-work poverty in IrelandBudget PerspectivesAgathe Simon; Richard O'Shea; Karina Doorley; Claire Keaneno migration vocabulary00data, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions10.26504/BP202701https://www.esri.ie/publications/escaping-in-work-poverty-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/BP2027.1.pdfkeyword:work permitThis report examines in-work poverty (IWP) in Ireland and assesses the extent to which two distinct policy levers – increased working hours and reforms to in-work benefits – could lift workers out of poverty. Around 5 per cent of workers are at risk of poverty (AROP), and around 64 per cent of these
exclude2026-06-18Public transport availability, delayed learning to drive and later life car dependenceESRI Working PaperShane Timmons; Adam Joachim Shier; Pete Lunnonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 33 pages, 55 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: migration is not the subject (term appears only as a covariate or in a different sense)00mobility5533000 people, 086 respondents, 1 participants, 11 participants, administrative, analysis of, case studies, case studyIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Sciencehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/public-transport-availability-delayed-learning-to-drive-and-later-life-car-0https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP827.pdfkeyword:nationalityAbstract High levels of car dependency are a major challenge for decarbonisation policy. This paper explores how early-life mobility environments shape long-run driving behaviour through two underexplored questions: whether public transport access predicts delayed learning to drive and whether the a
exclude2026-06-18Motivations for car ownershipESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesShane Timmons; Adam Joachim Shier; Pete Lunnonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 41 pages, 29 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: not migration01mobility2941000 people, 086 people, 086 respondents, 1 participants, 2 participants, analysis of, census, dataIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science10.26504/sustat140https://www.esri.ie/publications/motivations-for-car-ownershiphttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT140_0.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:integration; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitThis study investigates how people in Ireland progress into and sometimes out of car ownership, and how these decisions relate to everyday travel behaviour. Using a nationally representative survey of 2,086 people aged 16 and over, we provide the first integrated evidence on the motivations that sha
exclude2026-06-17Irish small firm financing: Where are we 20 years since the financial crisis?QEC Special ArticleTara McIndoe-Calder; Conor O'Toole; Dónal O'Shea; Chi Tranno migration vocabulary00Ireland (State)contemporaryMacroeconomics10.26504/QEC2026SUM_SA_Coateshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/irish-small-firm-financing-where-are-we-20-years-since-the-financial-crisishttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/QEC2026SUM_SA_Coates.pdfkeyword:Ukraine; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitThe impact of credit markets on economic activity came to the fore in Ireland following the 2007 global financial crisis. Significant challenges in the banking sector led to a severe contraction in credit availability, in particular for small- and medium-sized firms. During the crisis, this credit c
exclude2026-06-16Connecting early career researchers and policymakers: Insights from Young Academy Ireland’s Evidence for Policy Summit 2025Journal ArticleKarina Doorley; Niall Farrellno migration vocabulary00evidenceNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions10.2478/admin-2026-0017https://www.esri.ie/publications/connecting-early-career-researchers-and-policymakers-insights-from-young-academykeyword:nationalityEvidence-based policy-making is essential for tackling societal challenges, however, there are significant ongoing challenges to the effective implementation of this process throughout the ecosystem. Persistent institutional barriers, political resistance and funding challenges continue to hinder th
exclude2026-06-12The distributional impact of energy price increases in Ireland and the policy responseQEC Research NoteMaxime Bercholz; Karina Doorley; Claire Keane; Cian Mowldsno migration vocabulary00data, estimatedIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions; Energy and Environment10.26504/rn20260201https://www.esri.ie/publications/the-distributional-impact-of-energy-price-increases-in-ireland-and-the-policy-responsehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RN20260201.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:Ukraine; keyword:nationality; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitIn late February 2026, Iran closed the Strait of Hormuz to commercial traffic in response to coordinated military strikes conducted by the United States and Israel. The Strait is one of the world’s most important trade routes, through which approximately 20 per cent of global oil and liquefied natur
exclude2026-06-11Behavioural science policy advice-making during COVID-19: lessons from the Netherlands, Ireland, the United Kingdom and FinlandJournal ArticlePete Lunnnon-human sense of migration (software)00data, evidence, findings, interviews, participants, qualitativeIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science; Health and Quality of Life10.1332/17442648Y2026D000000092https://www.esri.ie/publications/behavioural-science-policy-advice-making-during-covid-19-lessons-from-the-netherlandskeyword:integrationIntroduction: Effective pandemic response requires large-scale behavioural change. Despite efforts to integrate behavioural science advice in public health policy making, there is a shortage of empirical evidence on the challenges faced by countries that want to professionalise their behavioural sci
include2026-06-10Social transfers utilisation among migrants and Irish-born in IrelandESRI Research SeriesAnousheh Alamir; Alan Barrett; Bertrand MaîtrePDF: 60 pages, 181 Ireland mentionsimmigrants, immigration, migrants15269immigrants, immigration, migrants18160000 people, 921 people, administrative, analysis of, data, estimate, estimated, estimatesIreland (State)contemporaryMigration, Integration and Demography10.26504/rs229https://www.esri.ie/publications/social-transfers-utilisation-among-migrants-and-irish-born-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS229.pdfresearch_area:67; keyword:migrant; keyword:migration; keyword:immigrant; keyword:immigration; keyword:integration; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permit; keyword:labour migrationDebates about the impacts of immigration on host countries have been ongoing for many years, covering a broad range of social and economic issues. From an economic perspective, a recurring question is whether immigration reduces the wages and employment opportunities of the native-born. Another stra
include2026-06-10Literature review on the fiscal impacts of immigrationESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesKeire Murphy; Evan Carron-Kee; Anousheh Alamir; Daniel CapistranoPDF: 49 pages, 192 Ireland mentionsimmigration, migrant, migrants7425immigration, migrant, migrants19249561 people, analysis of, case study, census, cohort, data, estimate, estimatedNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryMigration, Integration and Demography10.26504/sustat141https://www.esri.ie/publications/literature-review-on-the-fiscal-impacts-of-immigrationhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT141.pdfresearch_area:67; keyword:migrant; keyword:migration; keyword:immigrant; keyword:immigration; keyword:integration; keyword:work permit; keyword:labour migrationAs immigration has become more salient in Ireland, debate over the fiscal and economic impact of migration has increased. Understanding and communicating how migration is related to public finances and the economy is crucial to informing both government strategy and the public debate. In this paper,
exclude2026-06-07Youth employment and temporary contracts in Europe: Trends, drivers, and institutionsJournal ArticleAdele Bergin; Seamus McGuinness; Elisa Staffa; Adele Whelanno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00data, findings, labour force survey, results show, we analysecontemporaryLabour Markets and Skills10.1177/09596801261458162https://www.esri.ie/publications/youth-employment-and-temporary-contracts-in-europe-trends-drivers-and-institutionskeyword:temporary protectionThis paper examines youth employment and temporary youth employment across the EU-27 countries and the UK, focussing on the role of labour market institutions. Using EU Labour Force Survey data, we analyse trends and drivers of both overall and temporary youth employment and assess how institutional
exclude2026-06-05A mental model of obesity: Comparing expert and public perceptions in Ireland, the UK, and the USJournal ArticleDeirdre Robertson; Ylva Andersson; Ciarán Lavin; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary00evidence, findings, n = 2400, n = 51, sample, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science; Health and Quality of Life10.1038/s41366-026-02098-zhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/a-mental-model-of-obesity-comparing-expert-and-public-perceptions-in-ireland-the-ukkeyword:naturalisationObjective Despite scientific evidence on the environmental causes of obesity, policies that target these causes frequently face public opposition. This study investigates the mental model that the public hold about obesity, including perceptions of the causes, consequences and responsibility for obe
exclude2026-05-30A holistic view of biomethane: Insights from a systematic review of biomethane in IrelandJournal ArticleAnita Vollmer; Muireann Á Lynchno migration vocabulary00case study, estimates, we findIreland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environment10.1016/j.rset.2026.100149https://www.esri.ie/publications/a-holistic-view-of-biomethane-insights-from-a-systematic-review-of-biomethane-in-0keyword:nationalityHighlights • Biomethane potential is strongly shaped by the national context. • Large fluctuations in estimates of biomethane’s energy & carbon abatement potential. • Wide range of social, economic, and environmental impacts of biomethane identified. • Need for a long-term vision of biomethane withi
exclude2026-05-28Media habits, political orientation, and perceptions about climate change in IrelandESRI Research BulletinGretta Mohanno migration vocabulary00data, findings, sample, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environment; Climate10.1080/00909882.2026.2657836Introductionhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/media-habits-political-orientation-and-perceptions-about-climate-change-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RB202607_1.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:nationalityThis Bulletin summaries the findings from: Mohan, G and Byrne, J. (2026) ‘Divergent Media Engagement in a Consensus Democracy: Media Typology, Political Moderation, and Climate Change Beliefs in Ireland’. Journal of Applied Communications Research . Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.202
exclude2026-05-20The RTB Rent Index, Q4 2025Indices ReportRachel Slaymaker; Katie Devane; Chi Trannot a research publication (Indices Report)Housinghttps://www.esri.ie/publications/the-rtb-rent-index-q4-2025https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RIQ42025_1.pdfkeyword:nationalityKey findings: The national standardised average rent in new tenancies stood at €1,755 in Q4 2025. The year-on-year growth in standardised average rent for new tenancies stood at 5 per cent in Q4 2025. The national standardised average rent for existing tenancies rose by 4.4% annually to €1,503 per m
exclude2026-05-19Projections of regional workforce requirements for HSE primary and community care services in Ireland, 2022–2040: Based on the Hippocrates modelESRI Research SeriesAoife Brick; Theano Kakoulidou; Maryam Afzal; Frank Wolfeno migration vocabulary00Ireland (State)contemporaryHealth and Quality of Life10.26504/rs231https://www.esri.ie/publications/projections-of-regional-workforce-requirements-for-hse-primary-and-community-carehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS231.pdfkeyword:work permitThis report, funded by the Health Service Executive (HSE), uses the Economic and Social Research Institute’s (ESRI) Hippocrates model to project regional workforce requirements to 2040 for a selection of staff providing HSE primary and community care services. The professions and grades under consid
exclude2026-05-17Divergent media engagement in a consensus democracy: media typology, political moderation, and climate change beliefs in IrelandJournal ArticleGretta Mohanno migration vocabulary00findings, respondents, sampleIreland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environment; Climate10.1080/00909882.2026.2657836https://www.esri.ie/publications/divergent-media-engagement-in-a-consensus-democracy-media-typology-politicalkeyword:nationalityPublic perceptions of climate change are pivotal, shaping policy support, individual behavioral changes, and societal response to environmental challenges. However, the role of diverse media habits in shaping these views remains under-examined in consensus democracies. This study addresses this appl
exclude2026-05-14Perceived discrimination and young people’s health and wellbeing in Ireland: A longitudinal analysisESRI Research SeriesDaniel Capistrano; Helen Russell; Eva Slevinonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 97 pages, 175 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: immigrant adolescents one of five groups; migration incidental (12 mentions in 97 pp.)030discrimination, ethnicity17597analysis of, cohort, data, dataset, estimate, estimated, estimates, evidenceIreland (State)contemporarySocial Inclusion and Equality10.26504/rs230https://www.esri.ie/publications/perceived-discrimination-and-young-peoples-health-and-wellbeing-in-ireland-ahttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS230.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:international protection; keyword:ethnic; keyword:ethnicity; keyword:work permit; keyword:discriminationDiscrimination, defined as the unfair treatment of groups based on intrinsic characteristics, has pervasive and long-lasting consequences for the individuals who experience it. Previous research has found that individuals who experience discrimination have worsened physical and mental health outcome
exclude2026-05-13COVID-19 pandemic stressors and their longer-term association with young people’s wellbeingJournal ArticleJames Laurence; Emer Smythmigration incidental (1 core-term mention(s), not in title); no PDF on ESRI page (journal article or external)migrant10migrantcohort, data, findings, growing up in ireland, microdata, n=2404Ireland (State)contemporaryHealth and Quality of Life; Social Inclusion and Equality; Education10.1371/journal.pone.0347875https://www.esri.ie/publications/covid-19-pandemic-stressors-and-their-longer-term-association-with-young-peopleskeyword:migrant; keyword:third countryThere is a significant body of research on adolescent wellbeing during the pandemic but less attention to the pathways through which the pandemic might be driving longer-term impacts on wellbeing. This paper addresses this gap using prospective cohort data collected at three time-points (ages 9, 12,
exclude2026-05-08ESRI Climate Action Roadmap 2026Corporate Informationnot a research publication (Corporate Information)https://www.esri.ie/publications/esri-climate-action-roadmap-2026https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/CAR2026.pdfkeyword:nationalityThis is the ESRI’s third Climate Action Roadmap report. It outlines our commitment to reducing our environmental impact and how we aim to meet the requirements of the Climate Action Mandate. It includes the actions we have taken to date and our planned action to achieve the decarbonisation and energ
exclude2026-05-08Teachers’ professional journeys during the first decade longitudinal study: Design and instruments technical report: Report No.2ReportEmer Smythno migration vocabulary00data, focus group, interview, longitudinal, mixed-methods, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryEducation10.34961/19139https://www.esri.ie/publications/teachers-professional-journeys-during-the-first-decade-longitudinal-study-design-andhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/BKMNEXT449_1.pdfkeyword:integrationThe purpose of this report is to provide an account of the conceptual framework and research design of the Teachers’ Professional Journeys (TPJ): The First Decade longitudinal study (2024-30). This second report presents the TPJ conceptual framework in the context of the TPJ study aim and research o
exclude2026-05-01Measuring rental inflation: Evidence from IrelandESRI Working PaperJanez Kren; Rachel Slaymakerno migration vocabulary00administrative, data, dataset, estimates, evidence, findings, statisticsIreland (State)contemporaryHousing; Macroeconomicshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/measuring-rental-inflation-evidence-from-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP821.pdfkeyword:nationalityAbstract Accurate measurement of rental inflation is essential for understanding housing market dynamics, informing policy, and ensuring reliable inflation statistics. This paper constructs a repeat rent index (RRI) using newly available administrative data from the Residential Tenancies Board (RTB)
exclude2026-04-30Energy poverty and affordability in IrelandESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesAndrés Estévez; Miguel Tovar Reañosno migration vocabulary00Ireland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environment10.26504/sustat139https://www.esri.ie/publications/energy-poverty-and-affordability-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT139.pdfkeyword:international protection; keyword:nationality; keyword:work permitEnergy poverty is a persistent policy issue across Europe, one which will become increasingly relevant in the face of energy price volatility, climate change, geopolitical uncertainty, and the need for a just transition. Measuring energy poverty is vital for policymaking as it identifies vulnerable
exclude2026-04-23Assessing administrative burdens as barriers to implementation of Ireland’s Climate Action PlanReportLucie Martinno migration vocabulary00administrative, evidence, findings, interviews, mixed-methods, survey, surveysIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science; Climatehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/assessing-administrative-burdens-as-barriers-to-implementation-of-irelands-climatehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/BKMNEXT450.pdfkeyword:nationalityUsing an innovative mixed‑methods approach combining behavioural science and environmental policy, UCD researchers examined administrative factors that delayed implementation of three priority climate action schemes in Ireland, namely, the Afforestation Scheme 2023–2027, the Solar for Schools Progra
exclude2026-04-16Europe’s industrial footprint: Unveiling environmental impactsJournal ArticleMarta Alvaro-Taus; John Curtisno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00contemporaryEnergy and Environment10.1016/j.ecolecon.2026.109039https://www.esri.ie/publications/europes-industrial-footprint-unveiling-environmental-impactskeyword:nationality; keyword:integrationHighlights Develops a unified Environmental Emission Index for large industrial installations. Integrates multiple air pollutants into six life-cycle-based impact categories. Finds large industry improved environmental performance faster than the wider economy. Reveals uneven progress across impact
exclude2026-04-14A descriptive comparison of Irish and European electricity prices: 2018–2024ESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesBrendan Wade; Niall Farrell; Muireann Á Lynch; Miguel Tovar Reañosno migration vocabulary00Ireland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environment10.26504/sustat138https://www.esri.ie/publications/a-descriptive-comparison-of-irish-and-european-electricity-prices-2018-2024https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT138.pdfkeyword:work permitThis paper examines trends in European and Irish household electricity prices during the 2018–2024 period, with a particular focus on Ireland. Measured in nominal terms and excluding taxes and levies, Irish electricity prices ranked third highest in 2018 but had risen to be the highest by 2024. Incl
exclude2026-04-09Artificial Intelligence and income inequality in IrelandJointly-published ReportsKarina Doorley; Richard O'Shea; Dora Tudano migration vocabulary00estimate, estimates, evidence, findings, we findIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions10.26504/jr16https://www.esri.ie/publications/artificial-intelligence-and-income-inequality-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/JR16_0.pdfkeyword:international protection; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitArtificial intelligence (AI) is advancing quickly and is beginning to reshape the kinds of work people do, how incomes are earned, and the balance between labour and capital in modern economies. For Ireland, a country with a highly educated workforce and a strong technology sector, AI adoption prese
exclude2026-04-02How do disability rates differ across the island of Ireland?ESRI Research SeriesAnne Devlin; Adele Bergin; Seamus McGuinnessonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 42 pages, 259 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: not migration04mobility25942400 people, administrative, analysis of, case studies, case study, census, cohort, dataNI and ROI/islandcontemporarySocial Inclusion and Equality10.26504/rs227https://www.esri.ie/publications/how-do-disability-rates-differ-across-the-island-of-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS227.pdfkeyword:international protection; keyword:ethnic; keyword:ethnicity; keyword:third country; keyword:work permitAgeing populations and the resulting pressures on health and social care systems as well as social security systems are causing disability prevalence to be an increasingly salient issue in Northern Ireland (NI) and Ireland, as well as in many other developed societies. A greater understanding of dis
exclude2026-03-31Does sludge slow down the solar schools scheme? An assessment of administrative burdens preventing climate action in IrelandJournal ArticleLucie Martinno migration vocabulary00administrative, interviews, qualitative, we analyseIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115268https://www.esri.ie/publications/does-sludge-slow-down-the-solar-schools-scheme-an-assessment-of-administrative-burdenskeyword:nationality; keyword:integrationHighlights •First systematic sludge audit of a national solar energy grant programme. •Integrates journey mapping, NSW Sludge Scales, and qualitative interviews. •Shows that the Irish Solar for Schools programme is overall well-administered. •Identifies opportunities for sludge reduction. •Provides
exclude2026-03-31The impact of a minimum wage increase on employment: Evidence from IrelandESRI Research SeriesPaul Redmond; Lorcan Kellyno migration vocabulary00data, evidence, sample, we findIreland (State)contemporaryLabour Markets and Skills10.26504/rs228https://www.esri.ie/publications/the-impact-of-a-minimum-wage-increase-on-employment-evidence-from-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS228_2.pdfkeyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitThe minimum wage in Ireland increased every year from 2016 to 2025. We investigate whether these minimum wage increases led to a higher likelihood of minimum wage employees becoming unemployed or inactive. To do this, we implement a difference-in-differences methodology that compares the changes in
exclude2026-03-30Childcare subsidies, childcare costs and benefit erosion: Simulations for IrelandJournal ArticleKarina Doorley; Richard O'Sheano migration vocabulary00data, estimate, estimating, survey, we findIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensionshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/childcare-subsidies-childcare-costs-and-benefit-erosion-simulations-for-ireland-1keyword:nationalityThe National Childcare Scheme (NCS) is a government subsidy introduced in 2019 to reduce the cost of formal childcare in Ireland. This research explores the effectiveness of the NCS in achieving this aim by estimating the cost ‘coverage’ of the subsidy, measured by the ratio of the subsidy to the to
exclude2026-03-30Childcare subsidies, childcare costs and benefit erosion: Simulations for IrelandJournal ArticleKarina Doorley; Richard O'Sheano migration vocabulary00data, estimate, estimating, survey, we findIreland (State)contemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensionshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/childcare-subsidies-childcare-costs-and-benefit-erosion-simulations-for-ireland-0keyword:nationalityThe National Childcare Scheme (NCS) is a government subsidy introduced in 2019 to reduce the cost of formal childcare in Ireland. This research explores the effectiveness of the NCS in achieving this aim by estimating the cost ‘coverage’ of the subsidy, measured by the ratio of the subsidy to the to
exclude2026-03-25The Irish economy in the 2020sQEC Research NoteJohn FitzGerald; Dónal O'Sheano migration vocabulary00estimateIreland (State)contemporaryMacroeconomics10.26504/rn20260101https://www.esri.ie/publications/the-irish-economy-in-the-2020shttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RN20260101.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:work permit; keyword:foreignSince 2019 the growth in national income in Ireland has been impressive, averaging almost 5 per cent a year. We investigate the drivers of this growth and the extent to which growth is translating into higher standards of living for those living in Ireland. Net national income (NNI) is preferred as
exclude2026-03-25Quarterly Economic Commentary, Spring 2026ESRI Forecasting SeriesAlan Barrett; Conor O'Toole; Dónal O'Sheano migration vocabulary00data, labour force survey, statisticsIreland (State)contemporaryMacroeconomics; Housing10.26504/QEC2026SPRhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/quarterly-economic-commentary-spring-2026https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/QEC2026SPR.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitThis Commentary has been prepared during the second and third weeks of the Iran crisis. At the time of writing, it remains unclear how long the crisis will last and how intense the related global economic shock will be. However, it is already clear that energy prices have risen sharply and that high
exclude2026-03-24Price elasticity of residential natural gas demand: Evidence from population microdata in IrelandESRI Working PaperBrendan Wade; Philip Carthy; Niall Farrellno migration vocabulary00data, dataset, evidence, findings, microdataIreland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environmenthttps://www.esri.ie/publications/price-elasticity-of-residential-natural-gas-demand-evidence-from-population-microdatahttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP824_0.pdfkeyword:naturalisationThis paper quantifies the short-run price elasticity of demand for residential natural gas consumption. We use a novel population dataset of natural gas consumption covering all residential consumers connected to the Irish natural gas network. We match retail prices to residential consumers using a
exclude2026-03-19The RTB Rent Index, Q3 2025Indices ReportRachel Slaymaker; Katie Devane; Chi Trannot a research publication (Indices Report)Housinghttps://www.esri.ie/publications/the-rtb-rent-index-q3-2025https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RIQ32025_0.pdfkeyword:nationalityKey findings The national standardised average rent in new tenancies stood at €1,776 in Q3 2025. The year-on-year growth in standardised average rent for new tenancies stood at 5.4 per cent in Q3 2025. The national standardised average rent for existing tenancies rose by 4.6% annually to €1,494 per
exclude2026-03-12Bullying in context: how families, schools, and social ecologies shape student perceptions in IrelandJournal ArticleSelina McCoy; Keyu Yemigration incidental (1 core-term mention(s), not in title); no PDF on ESRI page (journal article or external)migrants10migrantsdata, findings, regression, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryEducation; Health and Quality of Life10.1007/s42380-026-00345-5https://www.esri.ie/publications/bullying-in-context-how-families-schools-and-social-ecologies-shape-studentkeyword:migrant; keyword:naturalisation; keyword:international protectionConceptualising bullying as socially embedded, this paper assesses how the ecologies of schools and families shape student experience. Survey data from 2243 Irish secondary students in second (age 14) and fifth (age 17) year, from diverse social and economic backgrounds, allows us to examine bullyin
exclude2026-03-10A review of residential heat decarbonisation in IrelandQEC Special ArticleMuireann Á Lynch; Miguel Tovar Reaños; Niall Farrellno migration vocabulary00administrative, data, evidence, statisticsIreland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environment10.26504/QEC2026SPR_SA_Lynchhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/a-review-of-residential-heat-decarbonisation-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/QEC2026SPR_SA_Lynch.pdfkeyword:work permitIreland’s Climate Action Plan targets rapid decarbonisation of residential heat, with 2030 targets for deep retrofits (500,000 homes to BER ≥B2), large-scale heat-pump deployment (400,000 in existing dwellings), and district heating (up to 2.7 TWh/yr). This article reviews progress to date and the e
exclude2026-02-26The long-term outcomes of school absenceESRI Research SeriesEmer Smyth; Anna Moya; Merike DarmodyPDF: 122 pages, 43 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: migrant status used only as a control variablemigrant150migrant43122administrative, analysis of, census, cohort, data, dataset, estimate, estimatedIreland (State)contemporaryEducation10.26504/rs220https://www.esri.ie/publications/the-long-term-outcomes-of-school-absencehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS220_0.pdfkeyword:migrant; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitInternational research has pointed to the longer-term impact of school absence on outcomes in early adulthood. This study uses Growing Up in Ireland data to document the consequences of absence in primary and post-primary education for a range of outcomes in (early) adulthood, including educational
exclude2026-02-24Trajectories of mental health difficulties from childhood to adolescence: Evidence from Growing Up in IrelandESRI Research BulletinMichael Vallely; Anne Nolan; Emer Smythno migration vocabulary00cohort, data, evidence, findings, growing up in ireland, longitudinal, questionnaire, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryHealth and Quality of Life10.1007/s12187-025-10311-0https://www.esri.ie/publications/trajectories-of-mental-health-difficulties-from-childhood-to-adolescence-evidence-fromhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RB202603.pdfkeyword:nationalityThis Bulletin summaries the findings from: Vallely, M., Nolan, A. and Smyth, E. (2025) ‘Trajectories of Mental Health Difficulties from Childhood to Adolescence: Evidence from Growing Up in Ireland’, published in Child Indicators Research. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-025-10311-0&nbs
exclude2026-02-23Evaluating child–caregiver attachment beyond infancy when language barriers existJournal ArticleMaria Leeno Ireland reference; no PDF on ESRI page (journal article or external); MANUAL: sample is Syrian refugee families in Jordan; no Irish datarefugee30refugeecontemporaryHealth and Quality of Life10.1093/chidev/aacaf025https://www.esri.ie/publications/evaluating-child-caregiver-attachment-beyond-infancy-when-language-barriers-existkeyword:refugeeAbstract Observational coding systems are invaluable for understanding child–caregiver interactions, but their reliance on language comprehension limits their use with linguistically diverse populations. We developed the Behavioral Recognition in Displaced Group Exchanges (BRIDGE) coding system to m
exclude2026-02-18Public support for welfare and redistributive policies in IrelandESRI Research SeriesDaniel Capistrano; Bertrand Maître; Helen Russellno migration vocabulary00data, evidence, findings, participant, respondents, surveyIreland (State)contemporarySocial Inclusion and Equality10.26504/rs224https://www.esri.ie/publications/public-support-for-welfare-and-redistributive-policies-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS224_0.pdfkeyword:third country; keyword:work permitThe current report presents findings of a research project that explored attitudes towards welfare and redistributive policies among Irish residents. Public support for the welfare state is an important foundation for democratic governments to pursue the policies needed to alleviate poverty in socie
exclude2026-02-11Squandered skills? Bridging the digital gender skills gap for inclusive growth in Ireland – A comparative European perspectiveJointly-published ReportsAdele Whelan; Luke Brosnan; Seamus McGuinnessno migration vocabulary00data, estimates, evidence, regression, survey, we findIreland (State)contemporaryLabour Markets and Skills10.26504/JR15https://www.esri.ie/publications/squandered-skills-bridging-the-digital-gender-skills-gap-for-inclusive-growth-inhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/JR15.pdfkeyword:work permitRapid digital transformation, reflected in the growing use of digital technologies across jobs, is reshaping work in Ireland and Europe. This makes it essential to understand digital skill use in order to ensure inclusive economic growth, where the benefits of technological change are widely shared.
exclude2026-02-09Buying and selling property in Ireland: Behavioural evidence on bidding systems, stressors and market comprehensionESRI Research SeriesDeirdre Robertson; Adam Joachim Shier; Shane Timmons; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary00data, evidence, findings, mixed-methods, participants, sample, survey, surveysIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science10.26504/rs226https://www.esri.ie/publications/buying-and-selling-property-in-ireland-behavioural-evidence-on-bidding-systemshttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS226.pdfkeyword:international protection; keyword:nationality; keyword:work permitThis report investigates how the Irish housing transaction system influences buyer and seller behaviour. Drawing on behavioural science, it explores how cognitive biases, including auction fever, loss aversion and ambiguity aversion, may be exacerbated by features of the Irish market. We empirically
exclude2026-02-06A holistic view of biomethane: Insights from a systematic review of biomethane in IrelandESRI Working PaperAnita Vollmer; Muireann Á Lynchno migration vocabulary00analysis of, we findIreland (State)contemporaryEnergy and Environmenthttps://www.esri.ie/publications/a-holistic-view-of-biomethane-insights-from-a-systematic-review-of-biomethane-inhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP819_0.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:nationalityBiomethane is gaining traction as a possible renewable alternative to fossil gas. Due to its interconnection with food and waste systems and the decentralised nature of its production it is a complex energy source that should be considered within the broader energy-environment-society nexus it occup
exclude2026-02-06Perceptions of safety, fairness and risk in road spaces shared by pedestrians, cyclists and driversESRI Working PaperCeline Fox; Shane Timmons; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00findings, n=1600, participantshistoricalBehavioural Sciencehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/perceptions-of-safety-fairness-and-risk-in-road-spaces-shared-by-pedestrians-cyclistshttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP818_1.pdfkeyword:integrationDesigning shared road spaces that accommodate multiple modes of transport is central to promoting active travel, but engagement can be hindered by perceptions of danger and unfairness, especially among groups more worried about navigating shared spaces. This study used an online randomised experimen
exclude2026-01-27Childhood gambling experiences and adult problem gamblingJournal ArticleDiarmaid Ó Ceallaigh; Shane Timmons; Deirdre Robertson; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary00analysis of, data, findings, n= 1, sample, surveyIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science10.1080/14459795.2025.2591411https://www.esri.ie/publications/childhood-gambling-experiences-and-adult-problem-gambling-0keyword:international protection; keyword:nationalityMany countries are strengthening their regulation of the gambling industry. Measures to protect children from exposure to gambling are often an important component of regulation, as childhood exposure to gambling is thought to lead to problem gambling (PG) in adulthood. We report a pre-registered an
exclude2026-01-27Childhood exposure to gambling increases likelihood of problem gambling as an adultESRI Research BulletinDiarmaid Ó Ceallaigh; Shane Timmons; Deirdre Robertson; Pete Lunnno migration vocabulary00data, estimated, evidence, findings, participants, sample, survey, surveysIreland (State)contemporaryBehavioural Science10.1080/14459795.2025.2591411INTRODUCTIONAnhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/childhood-exposure-to-gambling-increases-likelihood-of-problem-gambling-as-an-adulthttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RB202601.pdfkeyword:international protection; keyword:nationalityThis Bulletin summaries the findings from: Ó Ceallaigh, D., Timmons, S., Robertson, D. and Lunn, P. D. (2026). Childhood gambling experiences and adult problem gambling. International Gambling Studies. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2025.2591411 INTRODUCTION An estimated 1 in 30 adul
exclude2026-01-26School-level patterns of non-attendance, 2022/23 and 2023/24ESRI Research SeriesAnna Moya; Emer Smyth; Merike Darmodyno migration vocabulary00administrative, data, evidence, records, we analyseIreland (State)contemporaryEducation; Social Inclusion and Equality10.26504/rs219https://www.esri.ie/publications/school-level-patterns-of-non-attendance-2022-23-and-2023-24https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS219_2.pdfkeyword:work permitSchool attendance has become a topic of international concern, particularly in light of the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to long-lasting challenges in attendance (Dee, 2024; Fuller et al., 2024; Lichand et al., 2024; Tomaszewski et al., 2023). Some evidence suggests tha
exclude2026-01-22Nowcast (as of 22 January 2026)Indices ReportPaul Egan; Janez Krennot a research publication (Indices Report)Macroeconomicshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/nowcast-as-of-22-january-2026https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/nowcast_202601.pdfkeyword:work permitAs of January 22nd, the ESRI's 2025Q4 nowcast estimates that MDD is growing at 4.3% year-on-year. This is up on the 3.8% estimate from last month and is based on data from October and November. Decomposing the key drivers of this month’s nowcast show that industrial production output, consumption, h
include2026-01-21How do EMN Member Countries provide language and literacy support measures for adult refugees?EMN Ireland Migration MemoAda Sophia Hahn; Lúcás RohanPDF: 3 pages, 28 Ireland mentionsmigrant, refugee, refugees735migrant, refugee, refugees283findings, participantsIreland (State)contemporaryMigration, Integration and Demographyhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/how-do-emn-member-countries-provide-language-and-literacy-support-measures-for-adulthttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/EMNMemo8.pdfresearch_area:67; keyword:migrant; keyword:migration; keyword:refugee; keyword:nationality; keyword:integrationLanguage proficiency is an essential component of migrant integration. It facilitates access to education, employment, services, and fosters overall social cohesion. Providing adequate language and literacy support is therefore an important part of governing a diverse society. This Migration Memo pr
exclude2026-01-20Supporting student wellbeing in school contexts: A narrative reviewESRI Research SeriesCaoimhe Dempsey; Selina McCoyno migration vocabulary00evidence, findings, qualitative, quantitativeIreland (State)contemporaryEducation10.26504/rs223https://www.esri.ie/publications/supporting-student-wellbeing-in-school-contexts-a-narrative-reviewhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS223.pdfkeyword:work permitInternational and Irish studies have indicated negative trends in the mental health and wellbeing of young people over recent years. Indeed, the most recent wave of the Health Behaviour of School-Aged Children study shows that Ireland ranked 24 out of 36 countries on overall adolescent mental health
include2026-01-15The role of misperceptions in attitudes to immigrationESRI Research SeriesShane Timmons; Celine Fox; Evan Carron-Kee; Keire Murphy; Pete LunnPDF: 92 pages, 247 Ireland mentionsasylum, immigration, migrant11736asylum, immigration, migrant24792000 people, 100 people, 4 participants, 40 participants, 401 participants, 500 participants, 90 participants, administrativeNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryMigration, Integration and Demography10.26504/rs225https://www.esri.ie/publications/the-role-of-misperceptions-in-attitudes-to-immigrationhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS225_1.pdfresearch_area:67; keyword:migrant; keyword:migration; keyword:immigrant; keyword:immigration; keyword:asylum; keyword:integration; keyword:work permitThis study examines public perceptions of immigration in Ireland and their relationship to immigration attitudes. It was conducted against a backdrop of heightened salience of immigration in public discourse, marked by violent protests at buildings earmarked for asylum seekers, increases in racially
exclude2026-01-14Sharing common measures of the environment across continents: Challenges and opportunities for global studies of agingJournal ArticleAnne Nolanno migration vocabulary00data, longitudinalNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryHealth and Quality of Life; Energy and Environment10.1093/geronb/gbaf253https://www.esri.ie/publications/sharing-common-measures-of-the-environment-across-continents-challenges-andkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:nationalityObjectives Environmental exposures are modifiable risk factors for accelerated aging, but research is frequently limited to individual countries due to inconsistent exposure assessment. Cross-national data provide broader perspectives but add methodological complexities. This study evaluated spatial
exclude2025-12-18Quarterly Economic Commentary, Winter 2025ESRI Forecasting SeriesAlan Barrett; Conor O'Toole; Dónal O'Sheano migration vocabulary00analysis of, data, estimated, estimates, evidenceIreland (State)contemporaryMacroeconomics10.26504/QEC2025WINhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/quarterly-economic-commentary-winter-2025https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/QEC2025WIN_0.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permitForecast Overview: Generally, the economy continues to perform well. The most recent data show strong growth in consumption expenditure (+2.8% in Q3) and in exports (+12.9% in Q3). Tax receipts also point to strong economic growth. For example, VAT receipts were 5% higher at the end of November comp
exclude2025-12-18Distributional impact of tax and welfare policies: Budget 2026QEC Special ArticleMaxime Bercholz; Karina Doorley; Claire Keane; Cian Mowlds; Richard O'Shea; Agathe Simonno migration vocabulary; no Ireland reference00estimated, we analysecontemporaryTaxation, Welfare and Pensions10.26504/QEC2025WIN_SA_Bercholzhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/distributional-impact-of-tax-and-welfare-policies-budget-2026https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/QEC2025WIN_SA_Bercholz.pdfkeyword:work permitIn this Special Article we analyse the distributional impact of Budget 2026. In 2026, average household income is estimated to be 1.3% lower than it would be under a tax–welfare system indexed to price growth, and 1.9% lower than it would be under a system indexed to anticipated wage growth. While i
exclude2025-12-18Nowcast (as of 18 December 2025)Indices ReportPaul Egan; Janez Krennot a research publication (Indices Report)Macroeconomicshttps://www.esri.ie/publications/nowcast-as-of-18-december-2025https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/nowcast_202512.pdfkeyword:work permitAs of December 17th, the ESRI's 2025Q4 nowcast esti mates that MDD is growing at 3.8% year-on-year. This is the fi rst esti mate for 2025Q4 and is based on October data only. Decomposing the key drivers of this month’s nowcast show that industrial producti on output,housing and prices were the main
include2025-12-16How do EMN Member Countries approach civic training as a tool for integration?EMN Ireland Migration MemoCiára DaltonPDF: 2 pages, 10 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: EMN comparative memo; describes Ireland's own policy/practice alongside other Member States (qualitative evidence on Ireland)migrants, third-country nationals312migrants, third-country nationals102findings, participantsIreland (State)contemporaryMigration, Integration and Demographyhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/how-do-emn-member-countries-approach-civic-training-as-a-tool-for-integrationhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/EMNMemo7.pdfresearch_area:67; keyword:migrant; keyword:migration; keyword:nationality; keyword:integration; keyword:third countryEffective integration of migrants is an important part of successful migration management for EU countries. The main goal of civic orientation across all countries is to enable and promote the integration of eligible third-country nationals by equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed to t
exclude2025-12-12Ireland’s medium-term economic outlook: Risks and opportunitiesESRI Forecasting SeriesAykut Mert Yakut; Samuel McArdle; Dónal O'Shea; Çağaçan Değer; Alan Barrett; John Curtisno migration vocabulary00Ireland (State)contemporaryMacroeconomics10.26504/eo02https://www.esri.ie/publications/irelands-medium-term-economic-outlook-risks-and-opportunitieshttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/EO2.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:Ukraine; keyword:nationality; keyword:work permit; keyword:foreignThe objective of this Economic Outlook is to provide macroeconomic projections and scenarios of potential future paths for the economy over a ten-year horizon. Given the highly globalised nature of the Irish economy, the potential impacts associated with external shocks feature prominently. Current
include2025-12-11Asylum and migration overview 2024: IrelandESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesKeire Murphy; Lúcás Rohan; Ciára Dalton; Ada Sophia HahnPDF: 177 pages, 365 Ireland mentionsasylum, emigration, immigration, international protection12669asylum, emigration, immigration, international protection365177192 people, 199 refugees, 202 migrants, 300 people, 4 persons, 600 people, 702 people, 745 peopleNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryMigration, Integration and Demography10.26504/sustat137https://www.esri.ie/publications/asylum-and-migration-overview-2024-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT137.pdfresearch_area:67; keyword:migration; keyword:immigrant; keyword:immigration; keyword:emigrant; keyword:emigration; keyword:asylum; keyword:international protection; keyword:Ukraine; keyword:nationality; keyword:integration; keyword:work permit; keyword:labour migrationThe Asylum and Migration Overview 2024: Ireland provides a detailed overview of the key developments in migration and asylum in Ireland in 2024. It includes statistics, significant policy developments and debates, research and notable case law on a range of migration-related topics. It is the 21st r
exclude2025-12-09Roadmap for an evaluation of the National Training FundESRI Research SeriesElish Kelly; Elisa Staffa; Adele Whelan; Seamus McGuinness; Luke Brosnanno migration vocabulary00data, estimatedIreland (State)contemporaryLabour Markets and Skills10.26504/rs221https://www.esri.ie/publications/roadmap-for-an-evaluation-of-the-national-training-fundhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS221.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:employment permit; keyword:work permit; keyword:direct provisionThe National Training Fund (NTF), established in 2000, plays a central role in Ireland’s workforce development and employment policy. Its purpose is to fund training that: i) supports individuals in employment; ii) assists jobseekers in entering or re-entering the labour market; and iii) contributes
exclude2025-12-08Assessing economic trends in Ireland and Northern IrelandESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesAlan Barrett; Adele Berginno migration vocabulary00data, evidenceNI and ROI/islandcontemporaryMacroeconomics10.26504/sustat134https://www.esri.ie/publications/assessing-economic-trends-in-ireland-and-northern-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT134.pdfkeyword:work permitThis report is the first in a planned annual series examining the structure and performance of the economies of Ireland and Northern Ireland. At one level, this report builds on previous work under the Shared Island initiative, in particular Bergin et al. (2025), and presents comparable data on the
exclude2025-12-04Social and spatial inequalities in Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) air pollution across IrelandESRI Research BulletinAislinn Hoy; Gretta Mohan; Anne Nolanonly ambiguous migration terms; PDF: 2 pages, 10 Ireland mentions; MANUAL: migration is not the subject (term appears only as a covariate or in a different sense)00ethnicity102census, data, evidence, findings, regression, statisticsIreland (State)contemporaryHealth and Quality of Life; Climate10.1186/s12939-025-02674-1Introductionhttps://www.esri.ie/publications/social-and-spatial-inequalities-in-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-air-pollution-across-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RB202518_3.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:ethnic; keyword:ethnicityThis Bulletin summaries the findings from: Hoy, A., Mohan, G., and Nolan, A. (2025) Investigating inequalities in NO2 air pollution concentrations on novel indicators relating to small spatial areas. International Journal for Equity in Health . Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02674-
exclude2025-12-04Teachers’ professional journeys during the first decade longitudinal study: reviews of literatureReportEmer Smythno migration vocabulary00000 participants, data, evidence, findings, longitudinal, mixed methods, mixed-methods, qualitativeIreland (State)contemporaryEducation10.34961/researchrepository-ul.28399763https://www.esri.ie/publications/teachers-professional-journeys-during-the-first-decade-longitudinal-study-reviews-ofhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/BKMNEXT449_0.pdfkeyword:nationalityContext: Teachers Professional Journeys (TPJ): The First Decade (2024-2030) is an accelerated longitudinal mixed-methods study focused on understanding the dynamics of teacher learning and development from the final year of initial teacher education (ITE) through the first nine years of teachers’ wo
exclude2025-12-03Evaluating transport decarbonisation policies under carbon budget constraints: The role of carbon pricing and ICE bansESRI Working PaperDaniel Cassidy; Kelly C de Bruinno migration vocabulary00findingsIreland (State)contemporaryClimatehttps://www.esri.ie/publications/evaluating-transport-decarbonisation-policies-under-carbon-budget-constraints-the-rolehttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/WP815.pdfkeyword:integrationThis paper develops and applies I3E-Transport, a new passenger transport model for Ireland that integrates behavioural, technological, and macroeconomic drivers to assess the effectiveness of two decarbonisation policies—carbon taxation and internal combustion engine (ICE) phase-outs—on emissions fr
exclude2025-11-27Understanding trends in property-level rental inflationESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesRachel Slaymaker; Conor Banahan; Janez Krenno migration vocabulary00analysis of, data, evidence, findingsIreland (State)contemporaryHousing; Macroeconomics10.26504/sustat133https://www.esri.ie/publications/understanding-trends-in-property-level-rental-inflationhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT133_0.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:work permitThis report provides a detailed analysis of rental price developments at the individual property level, using the first three years of annual registration data from the Residential Tenancies Board (RTB). Unlike the RTB/ESRI Rent Index, which reflects growth in the average rent level in the market an
exclude2025-11-27The RTB Rent Index, Q2 2025Indices ReportRachel Slaymaker; Katie Devane; Chi Trannot a research publication (Indices Report)Housinghttps://www.esri.ie/publications/the-rtb-rent-index-q2-2025https://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RI2025Q2.pdfkeyword:nationalityThe national standardised average rent in new tenancies stood at €1,731 in Q2 2025. The year-on-year growth in standardised average rent for new tenancies stood at 4.7 per cent in Q2 2025, down from 5.5% in Q1 2025. The national standardised average rent for existing tenancies rose by 4.8% annually
exclude2025-11-24Projections of regional demand and workforce requirements for general practice in Ireland, 2023–2040: Based on the Hippocrates modelESRI Survey and Statistical Report SeriesSheelah Connolly; Theano Kakoulidou; Ellen McHughno migration vocabulary00data, estimating, findingsIreland (State)contemporaryHealth and Quality of Life10.26504/sustat136https://www.esri.ie/publications/projections-of-regional-demand-and-workforce-requirements-for-general-practice-inhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/SUSTAT136_0.pdfkeyword:nationality; keyword:work permitIn recent decades, the Irish healthcare system has undergone a number of structural and regional reconfigurations, the most recent of which was the implementation of six HSE health regions. This report is part of a new series of reports that uses the ESRI Hippocrates model to provide up-to-date proj
exclude2025-11-20Afterschool care for school-aged children in IrelandESRI Research SeriesHelen Russell; Emer Smyth; Eva Slevinno migration vocabulary00cohort, data, growing up in irelandIreland (State)contemporaryEducation10.26504/rs222https://www.esri.ie/publications/afterschool-care-for-school-aged-children-in-irelandhttps://www.esri.ie/system/files/publications/RS222.pdfkeyword:naturalisation; keyword:work permitThis study takes advantage of the two-cohort nature of Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) to look at the take-up of afterschool care for two cohorts of children born a decade apart (Cohort ’98 and Cohort ’08), each studied at ages 9 and 13. It examines the take-up pattern of afterschool care across social
exclude2025-11-20Investigating inequalities in NO2 air pollution concentrations on novel indicators relating to small spatial areasJournal ArticleAislinn Hoy; Gretta Mohan; Anne Nolanno migration vocabulary00case study, census, data, evidence, findingsIreland (State)contemporaryHealth and Quality of Life10.1186/s12939-025-02674-1https://www.esri.ie/publications/investigating-inequalities-in-no2-air-pollution-concentrations-on-novel-indicatorskeyword:naturalisation; keyword:integrationNitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a significant air pollutant from transport-related fossil fuel combustion, presents a critical environmental health challenge. This study analyses NO 2 trends in Ireland from 2010 to 2020, leveraging the country’s low-pollution baseline as a unique case study to analyse ine